09年職稱英語衛生類A級模擬試題一之閱讀理解
發布時間：2013-11-04 共1頁
第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個選項。請仔細閱讀短文并根據短文回答其后面的問題，從4個選項中選擇1個最佳答案涂在答題卡相應的位置上。
第1篇U.S states do poorly in women’s health
Not a single U．S．state meets basic federal goals for women’s health，and the nation as a whole fails except in two areas-mammograms and dental check-ups-researchers said onThursday．
Millions of women lack health insurance，and states make it difficult to enroll in Medicaid，the state―federal health insurance plan for the poor，according to the report．
And few states are doing anywhere near enough to help women quit smoking―the leading cause of death in the United States．
“The nation as a whole and the individual states fall short of meeting national goals，”reads the report．put together by the National Women’s Law Center and the Oregon Health & Science University，“These health objectives，primarily set for the nation by the U．S．Department of Health and Human Services’Healthy People 2010 agenda，provide a road map for assessing the status of women’s health．”
Of 27 measures examined by the group，from screening for diseases to actually treatingthem，the nation passes on only two，the researchers said．“The nation is so far from the Healthy People goals that it receives an overall grade of‘unsatisfactory’，”they wrote．The problem seems to be a lack among states of an overall plan for health in general，the NWLC said．
“State policy makers’ piecemeal approach to our health Care crisis has resulted in a complex and ineffective system that fails to meet the health care needs of women，”Judy Waxman，NWLC Vice President for Health，said in a statement．
“Lawmakers need to take a comprehensive，long-term approach to meeting women’S healthneeds and tackle this serious problem that plagues SO many families．”
詞匯：
mammogram／n．乳腺X光照片
dental／adj．牙齒的；牙科的
enroll／vi.加入，參加
piecemeal／adj．一件一件(做)的：逐漸(做)的；零碎(做)的
plague／vt．使苦惱；折磨；煩擾
練習：
1．The nation does poorly in all the following aspects of women’s health EXCEPT
A1 conducting dental check-ups．
B)helping women quit smoking．
C)screening for diseases．
D)treating cancer．
2．Medicaid is a program aimed at
A)helping women．
B)helping the poor．
C)reducing poverty．
D)preventing disease．
3． Which causes the biggest number of deaths in the US?
A)Accidents．
B)Heart disease．
C)Cancer．
D)Smoking．
4．The national goals for women’s health make it easier to
A)meet women’s health needs．
B)assess the status of women’s health．
C)make an overall plan for health in general．
D)deal with the health care crisis．
5． What kind of approach should be adopted to meet women’s health needs7
A)Piecemeal．
B)State-federal．
C)Comprehensive and long-term．
D)Complex and ineffective．
第2篇Cigars instead
Smoking one or two cigars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip，tongue，mouth and throat，according to a government study．
Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus，and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx(voicebox) sixfold，say researchers at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda，Maryland．
In addition，the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers．
The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sections of the article“Cigars：Health Effects and Trends．”The researchers report that，compared with a cigarette，a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco．specific nitrosamines．
“This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase0 incigar use and the significant public health consequences。for the country，”said Dr．RichardKlausner，director of the National Cancer Institute，in a statement．
“The data are clear―the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke．1ike
cigarettes，are associated with。the increased risks of several kinds of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases，”he added．“In other words，cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive．”
“To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars,our advice is―don’t．To those currently smoking cigars，quitting is the only way to eliminate completely the cancer，heart and lung disease risks，”warned Klausner．
According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there haven’t been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events．but“…a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung cancer risk from secondhand smoke．’’
詞匯：
cigar／n．雪茄煙
double／vt．使加倍，把……增一倍
esophagus／n．食管
larynx／n．喉
esophageal／adj．食管的
emit／vt．發出，射出，散發
carcinogenic／adj．致癌的
nitrosamine／n．亞硝胺
invaluable／adj．非常寶貴的，無價的
carcinogen／n．致癌物
alternative／n．供替代的抉擇
addictive／adj．(使人)上癮的， (使人)入迷的
eliminate／vt．排除，消除，根除
練習：
1．According co the report．smoking three or four cigars a day
A)increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers．
B)greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers．
C)increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers，
D)greatly increases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers．
2．In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?
A)Six．
B)Seven．
C)Eight．
D)Nine．
3．What is the main idea of the article“Cigars：Health Effects and Trends”?
A)When it comes to cancer，cigars are not any safer than cigarettes．
B)Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so．
C)Cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes．
D)Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much．
4．What is the doctors’advice to those cigar-smokers?
A)To give it up completely．
B)To give up part of it．
C)Not to think about it any more．
D)To cure the diseases first．
5．In the context of this passage,“secondhand smoke”means
A)smoking bad-quality cigars．
B)smoking very cheap cigars．
C)being near cigar smokers when they are not smoking．
D)being near cigar smokers when they are smoking．
第3篇Some things we know about language
Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain SO．But some
things we do know．
First，we know that all human beings have a language of some sort．There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language，no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother．Furthermore，in historical times，there has never been a race of men without a language．
Second，there is no such thing as a primitive language．There are many people whose
cultures are undeveloped，who are，as we say，uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive．In all known 1anguages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing．
This has not always been well understood；indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated．Popular ideas of the 1anguage of the American Indians will illustrate．Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises．Study has proved this to be nonsense．There are，or were，hundreds of American Indian languages，and a11 of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with，but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek．
A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate．That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language．
Finally, we know that language changes．It is natural and normal for language to change；
the only languages which do not change are the dead ones．This is easy to understand if we look backward in time．Change goes on in all aspects of language．Grammatical features change as do speech sounds，and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly．Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language．
詞匯：
race／n．種族
primitive／adj．原始的
uncivilized／adj．不開化的，落后的
complexity／n．復雜性，復雜現象
nonsense／n．胡說，沒有根據的話
extensive／adj．廣泛的
vocabulary／n．詞匯
練習：
1． In the second paragraph the author thinks that
A)some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own．
B)some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own．
C)any human race，whether backward or not，has a language．
D)some races on earth call communicate without language．
2． According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have___ languages.
A)complicated
B)uncivilized
C)primitive
D)well―known
3．The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are
A)just as old as some well-known languages．
B)just as sophisticated as some well-known languages．
C)more developed than some well-known languages．
D)more complex than some well-known languages．
4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A)A language is a means of expressing a particular culture．
B)All languages can well express their respective cultures．
C)American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English．
D)Some languages are better than other languages．
5． According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in
A)grammar．
B)pronunciation．
C)vocabulary．
D)intonation．
參考答案:
第1篇答案與題解：
1． A 從文章的第一段可以得知，美國整個國家的婦女衛生保健工作堪稱不合格，只有
兩個方面除外，其中之一便是牙科檢查。
2． B 從文章的第二段可以得知，“Medicaid”是美國州與聯邦政府為幫助窮人而制定的
衛生保險項目。
3． D 從文章的第三段可以得知，在美國，吸煙是頭號殺手。
4． B 文章的第五段提到，婦女衛生保健計劃為評價婦女健康狀況提供了“道路圖”。
5． C 文章的最后一段提到，立法者應當采取全面、長期的措施以滿足婦女衛生保健方
面的需求。
第2篇答案與題解：
1.D 第三段中“smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers．"這是在談論吸煙者患癌癥的可能性(與不吸煙者相比分別增加到8．5倍和4倍)。
2.B 第一段中提到lip，tongue，mouth, throat四種，第二段中提到lung，esophagus，larynx
三種，共七種，第三段中的oral是對lip，tongue，mouth等的統稱，不應再算做一種。
3.A 倒數第三段中的一句話概括了文章的中心，即“…cigars are not safe alternatives to
cigarettes and may be addictive．”
4.A 倒數第二段中醫生的建議是“To those currently smoking cigars．quitting is the onlyway to eliminate completely the cancer…”，即完全放棄。
5. D 二手吸煙，即我們所說的被動吸煙，最后一段中的“nonsmokers at cigar social
events”提示了這一情骨。
第3篇答案與題解：
1．C作者在第二段中認為，任何人種不管落后與否都有語言。文中的原句是：There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language…
2．A此題的答案來自第三段。
3．B 作者例舉美國印第安人的語言的目的是證明這些語言和一些著名的語言一樣先進。原句是：They are certainly different from the languages that most of US are familiar with，but they are no more primitive than English and Greek．
4．D D項的說法是錯誤的，因為作者在文章中的觀點是不同的語言沒有好與壞的差別。原句參照題解3。
5． C詞匯是語言中最容易發生變化的部分。文中的原句是：Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language．
