09年職稱英語衛(wèi)生類B級模擬試題二之閱讀理解
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2013-11-04 共1頁
第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請仔細(xì)閱讀短文并根據(jù)短文回答其后面的問題，從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
第1篇
Medical Journals
Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals．
In the past，these journals were available only in print．With the development of electronic/publishing，many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet，and some journals/publish only online．A few medical journals，like the Journal of the American Medical Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine．Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine．
Medical journals/publish many types of articles．Research articles report the results of research studies on a range of topics varying from the basic mechanisms of diseases to clinical trials that compare outcomes of different treatments．Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature．
Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular disease．Case conferences and case reports may be/published in medical journals to educate physicians about particular illnesses and how to treat at them．Editorials in medical journals are short essays that express the views of the authors，often regarding a research or review article/published in the same issue．
Editorials provide perspective on how the current article fits with other information on the same topic．Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments， questions or criticisms about articles/published in that journal．
1． The main readers of medical journals are
A)the general public．
B1healthprofessionals． ，
C)medical critics．
D、news reporters．
2． Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A) Many medical journals also/publish online．
B)A few medical journals are general medical journals．
C)Most medical journals/publish only online．
D)Most medical journals are specialty journals．
3. How many major types of articles are mentioned in the passage?
A)Five．
B)Seven．
C)Four．
D)Six．
4. An article dealing with results from different studies on the same topic is called
A)a research article．
B)a review article．
C)a case report．
D)an editorial．
5．Letters to the editor enable readers of a medical journal to express comments on
A)any medical event．
B) articles/published in the same issue．
C)articles/published in that journal
D)medical development．
第2篇Common Problems, Common Solutions
The chances are that you made up your mind about smoking a long time ago --- and decided it’s not for you.
The chances are equally good that you know a lot of smokers -- there are, after all about 60 million of them, work with them, and get along with them very well.
And finally it’s a pretty safe bet that you’re open-minded and interested in all the various issues about smokers and nonsmokers -- or you wouldn’t be reading this.
And those three things make you incredibly important today.
Because they mean that yours is the voice -- not the smoker’s and not the anti-smoker’s --that will determine how much of society’s efforts should go into building walls that separate us and how much into the search for solutions that bring us together.
For one tragic result of the emphasis on building walls is the diversion of millions of dollars from scientific research on the causes and cures of diseases which, when all is said and done, still strike the nonsmoker as well as the smoker. One prominent health organization, to cite but a single instance, now spends 28 cents of every publicly contributed dollar on " education " (much of it in anti-smoking propaganda) and only 2 cents on research.
There will always be some who want to build walls, who want to separate people from people, and up to a point, even these may serve society. The anti-smoking wall-builders have, to give them their due, helped to make us all more keenly aware of choice.
But our guess, and certainly our hope, is that you are among the far greatest number who know that walls are only temporary at best, and that over the long run, we can serve society’s interest better by working together in mutual accommodation.
Whatever virtue walls may have, they can never move our society toward fundamental solutions. People who work together on common problems, common solutions, can.
1. What does the word " wall " used in the passage mean?
A) Anti-smoking propaganda.
B) Diseases striking nonsmokers as well as smokers.
C) Rules and regulations that prohibit smoking.
D) Separation of smokers from nonsmokers.
2. In paragraph 4, " you " refers to
A) smokers.
B) nonsmokers.
C) anti-smokers.
D) smokers who have quitted smoking.
3. It is evident that the author is not in favor of
A) building a wall between smokers and nonsmokers.
B) doing scientific research at the expense of one’s health.
C) bringing smokers and nonsmokers together.
D) proving accommodation for smokers.
4. As is suggested, the common solution to the common problem is
A) to separate people from people.
B) to work together in mutual accommodation.
C) to make us more keenly aware of choice.
D) to serve society’s interests better.
5. According to the passage, the writer looks upon the anti-smoking wall-builders’ actions
A) optimistically.
B) pessimistically.
C)unconcernedly.
D) skeptically.
第3篇Eady or Later Day Care
The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parems duringThe sensitive“attachment”period from birth to three may scar a child’s personality andI premspose to emotional problems in later life．Some people have drawn the conclusion fromBowlby’s work that children should not be subjected to day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it entails，and many people do believe this.But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion． Firstly，anthropologists point out that the insulated love affair between children and parems；found in modem societies does not usually exist in traditional societies．For example，in some tribal societies，such as the Ngoni，the father and mother of a child did not rear their infant alone―far from it’．Secondly，common sense tells US that day care would not be so widespread today if parents
care-takers found children had problems with it．Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out，and even if they were，the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial．Thirdly．in the last decade there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care，and they have uniformly reported that day care had a neural or slighfly positive effect on children’S development．But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue.
But Bowlby’S analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed effects．The possibility that such care might 1cad tO，say，more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later Callonly be explored by the use of statistics．Whatever the long―term effects，parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with。．Children under three are likely to protest at leaving their parents and show unhappiness．At the age of three or three and a half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy，and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time．The matter，then，is far from clear-cuff，though experxence and available evidence indicate that earl care is reasonable for lnfants．
詞匯：
psychoanalyst n．精神分析學(xué)家一心理分析學(xué)家 insulate vt．隔絕
rear vt．撫養(yǎng) predispose引起易感性
care taker n.照顧者，看管人 entail／in。tell／vt．蘊(yùn)涵
infant n．嬰兒 anthropologist n．人類學(xué)家
練習(xí)：
1． Which of the following statements would Bowlby support?
A)Statistical studies should be carried out to assess the positive effect of day car
for children at the age of three or older．
B)Early day care can delay the occurrence of mental illness in children．
C)The first three years of one’s life is extremely important to the laterdevelopmentofpersonality．
D)Children under three get used to the life at nursery schools more readily than childrenover three
2． Which of the following is derivable from Bowlby’S work?
A)Mothers should not send their children to day care centers before the age of three．
B)Day care nurseries have positive effects on a child’S development．
C)A child sent to a day care center before the age of three may have emotional problems
in laterlife．
D)Daycarewouldnotbe SOpopularffithasnoticeablenegativeeffects onachild，Spersonality．
3． It is suggested that modem societies differ from traditional societies in that
A)the parents―child relationship is more exclusive in modem societies．
B)a child more often grows up with his(her brothers or sisters in traditional societies．
C)mother brings up children with the help of her husband in traditional societies．
D)children in modem societies are more likely to develop mental illness in later years
4． Which of the following statements is NOT an argument against Bowlby,s theonr?
A)Many studies show that day care has a positive effect on children’S development．
B)The fact that there are so many nursery schools today shows that day care is safe．
C)The separation of young children from their parents is common in some traditional
societies．
D)Parentsfindtheimmediate effects ofearlyday caredifficultto dealwith．
5 Which of the following best expresses the writer’S attitude towards early day care?
A)Children under three should stay with their parents．
B)Early day care has positive effects on children’s development．
C)The issue is controversial and its settlement calls for the use of statistics．
D)Theeffectsofearlydaycareon children areexaggeratedandparents shouldignoretheissue．
參考答案:
第1篇
1. B．分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。問題問及“醫(yī)療雜志的主要讀者”，借助題干中的main readers作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句：Medical journals are publications that report medical information to physicians and other health professionals．（該句間接的回答了問題―向內(nèi)科醫(yī)生和其他健康專家提供醫(yī)療信息，所以答案是B。）
2． C．分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。發(fā)現(xiàn)被選項(xiàng)在內(nèi)容上都是涉及到“醫(yī)療雜志的出版”，所以借?publish作為答案線索，這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句：many medical journals now have Web sites on the Internet（該句與A內(nèi)容一致），and some journals/publish only online．（該句直接與C矛盾）A few medical journals，like the Journal of the American Medical Association，are considered general medical journals because they cover many fields of medicine．（該句與B內(nèi)容一致）Most medical journals are specialty journals that focus on a particular area of medicine．（該句與D內(nèi)容一致）
3. A． 分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。該題涉及到文章類型。注意文章中提及文章類型的句子。這樣發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句：Medical journals/publish many types of articles．Research articles report the results of …Review articles summarize and analyze ..．Case conferences and case reports may be/published in medical journals ..Editorials provide perspective on ..．Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of ..
4. B．分析：細(xì)節(jié)題。利用題干中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)different studies on the same topic作為答案線索，這樣找到答案相關(guān)句：Review articles summarize and analyze the information available on a specific topic based on a careful search of the medical literature．（該句說“綜述文章是在對醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行了仔細(xì)的查詢后找出的有關(guān)某一具體主題的信息進(jìn)行匯總和分析”）Because the results of individual research studies can be affected by many factors，combining results from different studies on the same topic （“對于同一主題的不同研究結(jié)果的匯總”在含義上與上句“綜述文章”的目的一致，因此判斷B是答案。）can be helpful in reaching conclusions about the scientific evidence for preventing，diagnosing or treating a particular disease．
5． C． 分析：借助題干中的核心結(jié)構(gòu)Letters to the editor和express comments on作為答案線索，這樣在文章最后部分找到答案相關(guān)句：Letters to the editor provide a way for readers of the medical journal to express comments， questions or criticisms about articles/published in that journal。（該句內(nèi)容直接回答了問題：對雜志上發(fā)表的文章進(jìn)行評論，提出問題或提出批評意見）
第2篇
1．D．問題問“文章中的墻指代什么？”。利用wall這個(gè)線索詞在文章中發(fā)現(xiàn)了位于第5段中答案相關(guān)句--- “。。把我們（和吸煙者）分開的墻..。家族詞的出現(xiàn)也是確認(rèn)答案的線索：該題中separate在原文中 ---- separation在備選答案中。
2．D．問題問“第4段中you 指代什么？”。You從第1段就開始出現(xiàn)，所以應(yīng)指第1段中所說的“已經(jīng)放棄吸煙的吸煙者”。
3．A．該題問“很明顯作者不主張什么？”。文章的最后一段說“無論什么樣的道德墻都未曾，也不能推動(dòng)我們的社會(huì)去解決基本的問題。”，可見作者很反對wall的建立。而只有A提到了wall，所以選擇A。
4．B． 該題問“正如在文章中所表明的那樣，普通問題的普通解決的方法應(yīng)該是..”。在第8段中可以找到答案。
5．D．該題問“作者對建立吸煙隔離墻的行為的態(tài)度是什么？”。D “懷疑的”最合適。
第3篇
1．c 波比認(rèn)為，孩子從出生到三歲這段時(shí)間是一個(gè)敏感的“依戀”期。三歲以下的
孩子如與父母分開可能會(huì)給孩子的性格造成傷害，進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致以后的情感問題。因此可以認(rèn)為波比會(huì)同意C
2．A C是波比的思想，而不是依據(jù)他的思想得出的結(jié)論，因此不對。第一段的第二句話說：一些人從波比的研究得出結(jié)論，日托要使父母和孩子分開，孩子三歲之前不應(yīng)該送日托。因此A是正確答案。
3．A 第二段的第一句話說：人類學(xué)家指出，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中父母與孩子之間的絕緣的愛的關(guān)系在傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)中一般不存在。insulated(絕緣的)一詞與A中的exclusive(排他的)相呼應(yīng)。文章只是在第二段的第一句中提到傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)，僅從這句話不能推斷出B、C、D。
4．D 第二段列出了三條論據(jù)反對波比的理論。這三條論據(jù)分別對應(yīng)C、B、A。“父母們覺得眼前的后果難以應(yīng)付”不是反對波比理論的論據(jù)。
5．c 作者中立地報(bào)道了對日托的兩種不同看法，并指出缺乏統(tǒng)計(jì)研究。特別是在第三段的第二句話中提出，日托是否會(huì)在15或20年后導(dǎo)致精神病或犯罪只能用統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法來研究。因此C是正確答案。
