2009年職稱英語理工類AB級模擬試題一(11)
發布時間：2013-11-04 共1頁
第四部分：閱讀理解（每題3分，共45分）
第1篇
1．D． 細節題。利用被選項中的細節信息結構（A：working manner; B: eating habit; C: life style; D: genes）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
You hear this：“No Wonder you are fat．An you ever do is eat（選項B中eating的家族詞匯）．”You feel sad：“I skip my breakfast and supper．I run every morning and evening．What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing． Your genes（基因），not your life habits（習慣），determine your weight（問題句中的核心結構） and your body constantly （不斷地，經常地）tries to maintain（保持，維修， 主張） it.
答案相關句說：你的基因而不是你的生活習慣決定了你的體重，因此你的身體總是試圖保持它。因此D是答案。
2. D。 細節題。利用問題句中的特征詞(Jules Hirsch)， 被選項中的共有結構（eight fat people）及被選相中的一些細節信息詞及特征結構（A: supper; B: breakfast; C: every morning and evening; D: liquid formula, 600 calories ）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous．Jules Hirsch，a research（研究） physician（醫生）at Rockefeller University, did a study（研究） of eight fat people． They were given （被給）a liquid formula （流食配方）providing 600 calories a day1. After more than（超過） 10 weeks，the subjects(研究對象) lost 45kg on average（平均）．But after leaving the hospital，they all regained．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people．
答案相關句說“八個肥胖者被給予一種流食配方，每天提供600熱卡”，因此D是答案。
3．C． 細節題。 利用問題句中的細節信息結構（eight fat people， hospital）及被選項中的細節信息結構（C：normal weight; D: suicide）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
（第3段） How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective．but the health costs are tremendous．（第２題答案相關句）Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people．They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day1.After more than （超過）10 weeks，the subjects（研究對象， 主題，學科， 受...影響的） lost（失去， 輸（比賽）） 45kg （4.5公斤？？？）on average（平均）.（第4句）But after leaving the hospital，they all regained（恢復）．The results were surprising：by metabolic measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet2.They were anxious and depressed；some were suicidal（是選項D中的細節信息詞的家族詞匯）．They hid food in their rooms．Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight（選項C中的細節信息詞），but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people．
（第4段） Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got （說服）prisoners（犯人） to volunteer to （自愿...）gain weight(增肥， 體重增加) ．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But（但是） months after the study ended（結束），they were back to（恢復到） normal（正常的） weight and stayed停留在那里 there.
根據第3段中答案相關句的內容判斷：這八個肥胖者出院后都恢復到了正常的體重。
4．B． 細節題。 利用問題句中的特征詞（Ethan Sims）及被選項中的細節信息結構（A：genetic（遺傳的） inheritance； B：Increase （增加）their weight； C：Stay（逗留，保持） at home； D：Lower（降低） their weight）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
（第4段）Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．Ethan Sims（問題句中的特征詞），of the University of Vermont，got（說服，使, 變成， 獲得） prisoners（犯人） to volunteer to （自愿）gain weight（與選項B中的細節信息結構呼應）．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could（盡可能地...）．They succeeded in （成功地）increasing their weight（與選項B中的細節信息結構呼應） by（了） 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
（第5段）This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance （選項A中的細節信息結構）if they want to significantly lower their weight（與選項D中的細節信息結構呼應）．
第4段中的答案相關句說：讓犯人自愿增加體重。可見B是正確的答案。
5．A． 細節題。 利用問題句中的細節信息詞（Scientists）和備選項A和備選項B中的共有詞（weight range）共同作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
（第4段）Thin people，however, suffer from the opposite：They have to make a great effort to gain weight．（第4題答案相關句）Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．In four to six months，they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended，they were back to normal weight and stayed there.
This did not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight．It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight．
The findings （發現）also provide（提供） evidence（證據， 跡象）for something scientists （科學家）thought was true （正確的， 真實的， 忠誠的） --- each person has a comfortable（舒適的） weight range .The range might be as much as（大約）9kg． Someone might weigh 60-69 kg without too much effort. But going above of below the natural weight range is difficult． The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks．
答案相關句（最后一段的第一句話）說：結論還證實了科學家認為是正確的一點，即每個人的體重有大約9公斤的一個固定范圍．因此A是答案。
第2篇
1．C． 1．C． 利用問題句及被選項中的細節信息詞（black hole, tear apart, nuclear explosion, size）作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
Scientists（科學家） have long（長期地） understood（理解， 認為） that supermasvive（特大質量的） black holes weighing（重） millions（數百萬） or billions（數億） of suns（太陽） can tear apart stars that come too close(與選項A內容一致). The black hole’s gravity（重力） pulls （一直拉）harder（強烈地） on the neatest（最近的） part of the star, an imbalance（不平衡的力量） that pulls（拉裂） the star apart over a period（期間） of minutes or hours, once（一旦） it gets close（接近的） enough（足夠）.
Scientists say this uneven（不均勻的） pulling （拉力）is not the only hazard（危險） facing（面對） the star. The strain(拉力) of these unbalanced（不平衡的） forces（力量） can also trigger（引發） a nuclear explosion powerful（強大的） enough（足夠） to destroy（毀滅） the star from within（里面）（與選項B內容一致）. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire of the Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star’s life, as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.
The devouring （吞滅，毀滅）of stars by（被） black holes （與選項D內容一致）may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is though that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.
選項A， B和D均在文章中有相呼應的內容， 因此答案是C。
2．A． 利用問題句及被選項中的細節信息詞（researchers, nuclear reaction, density and temperature, shock waves）作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
（第3段）When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some（一些） previous（以前的） studies（研究） had suggested（表明） this flattening（夷平） would increase（增加） the density（密度） and temperature（溫度） inside（在...里面） the star enough（足夠） to trigger（引發） intense（強烈的） nuclear reactions （核反應）that would tear it apart. But (考點提示詞)other（其他的） studies（research的近義詞） had suggested（表明） that the picture（圖片，照片） would be complicated（復雜的） by shock waves （沖擊波）generated（產生） during（在...期間） the flattening（夷平） process （過程）and that no nuclear explosion （核爆炸/與“核反應”詞義相關）should occur（發生）（該句內容暗示可能選項A是答案）.
該段中的第2句和第3句直接與問題相關， 這兩種研究的焦點在于是否會引發核爆炸， 因此A是答案。
3．D．利用問題句及被選項中的細節信息詞（nuclear explosion, matter, devour）作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and fund that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star. It will be completely destroyed,”Brassart says. Although（盡管） the explosion（爆炸） obliterates（除去， 毀滅） the star, it saves（挽救） some of the star’s matter（物質） from（防止） being devoured （吞滅）by the black hole（該句內容與D不一致）. The explosion (爆炸) is powerful(強大的) enough（足夠） to hurl（扔/throw的近義詞） much of the star’s matter out of the black hole’s reach, he says.（該句內容與選項C內容一致）
選項D的說法與文章中相關內容（該段倒數第2句）不一致。
4．C． 利用問題句及被選項中的細節信息詞（several months after the explosion of the star, matter）作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and fund that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the star. It will be completely destroyed,”Brassart says.（第3題答案相關句） Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the start’s matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is power enough to hurl much of the star’s matter out of the black holes’s reach, he says.
（第5段）The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought（認為） that several months after the event（事件） that rips（撕） the star apart（分離）(問題句中時間狀語結構的近義結構) , its matter （物質）starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.
答案相關句在第5段， 根據該句中的用詞可直接判斷C是答案。
5． B。 找到disruption在所在的語句， 其在句子中的搭配結構是“...恒星”, 文章主題涉及恒星的毀滅， 因此B最可能是答案。
If stars disrupted near（在...附近） black holes really（真正地） do（的確） explode（爆炸）, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible（可能的） to see the disruption of that star immediately（立刻） if（如果） it gets hot enough.”
