職稱英語理工AB概括大意完成句子試題(2)
發布時間：2013-11-04 共1頁
Cloning(克隆)：Future Perfect?
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidly．In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犢)using cloning technology A mouse has also been cloned successfully But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．
2 Seed’s announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．In Europe nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states inthe US will have passed anti―cloning laws by the end of the year”
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research In March，The New England Journal of“Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轟炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons．Such information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next．
5 Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans．It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our child to look like But how would it feel to be a clone among hundreds，the anti―cloners ask Pretty cool，answer the pro-cloners(贊成克隆的人)．
1. Paragraph 1 ___.
2. Paragraph 2 ___.
3. Paragraph 3 ___.
4. Paragraph 4 ___.
A. strong reactions
B. anxiety about the future of cloning
C. the right to choose
D. what is cloning?
E. Arguments in favor of cloning
F. a common sight
5. Richard seed claimed to be able to clone ___.
6. Richard seed’s announcement received ___.
7. The United States will introduce ___.
8. Within ten years scientists will probably have ___.
A. the nucleus of a cell
B. cloned human beings
C. a human being in two years
D. a law to ban human cloning
E. a report on human cloning
F. heavy media coverage
答案與解析:
1. 第一步: 分析文章標題Cloning(克隆): Future perfect? 會帶來完美的未來嗎？
文章標題的核心詞是Cloning(克隆), 而且標題是一個問句的形式, 因此判斷文章是對克隆問題進行的討論。 Cloning是這篇文章中的主題詞。
解題第2步：結合文章主題（文章標題所揭示的內容）分析概括大意被選項之間的關系。
A. strong reactions
B. anxiety about the future of cloning
C. the right to choose
D. what is cloning?
E. Arguments in favor of cloning
F. a common sight
選項B， D和E都涉及到了文章的主題詞“Cloning”， 因此它們中間出答案的可能性較大。 既然是關于cloning的討論， 文章中可能首先會解釋什么是cloning， 從這個寫作邏輯上看，D成為答案的可能性較大， 而且文章中很可能會談到一些人或者大部分人對cloning的反應或態度， 從這個角度上來看A， B，和E中出答案的可能性較大。
第3步： 直接解題， 在解題中注意各種解題技巧的巧妙運用。
A. strong reactions
B. anxiety about the future of cloning
C. the right to choose
D. what is cloning?
E. Arguments in favor of cloning
F. a common sight
1. Paragraph 1 ___.
1 A clone is an exact copy of a plant or animal produced from any one cell. Since Scottish scientists reported that they had managed to clone a sheep named Dolly in 1997 research into cloning has grown rapidly．In May 1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犢)using cloning technology. A mouse has also been cloned successfully. But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．
1． D. 分析： 段落的第一句說“克隆是利用任何一個細胞產生的一株植物或一個動物的的精確復制品”。（exact -- precise精確的）這是一個定義性的句子， 根據這個句子推測這段文字可能將對克隆進行解釋， 定義。 再參考段落中出現的細節句（提示：段落中的細節句往往直接涉及到這個段落的主題）：In May “1998，scientists in Massachusetts managed to create two identical calves(牛犢)using cloning technology”。該句說“在1998年的5月， 麻省的科學家設法利用克隆技術創造了兩只一模一樣的牛犢”， 對比該段第一句中的定義句， 不難發現這個例子該定義句內容呼應： 該舉例句是在對定義進行具體的舉例說明， 因此可以肯定的判斷該段是在對克隆進行解釋/定義， 因此判斷D是答案。
解題思路： 利用段首句（提示：段首句常常就是段落的主題句）， 結合段落中典型細節句的內容判斷段落主題。
A. strong reactions
B. anxiety about the future of cloning
C. the right to choose
E. Arguments in favor of cloning
F. a common sight
2. Paragraph 2 ___.
2 Seed’s announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative．In Europe nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states inthe US will have passed anti―cloning laws by the end of the year”
2． A。 分析：剛才我們在解題的過程中借助了段首句的句意， 現在我們還是繼續看段首句的內容， 段首句說“Seed的宣布引起了媒體大量的關注， 而其中大部分的（反應）是負面的”。（provoke ?C cause ?C arouse引起）該句在內容上涉及到了“反應情況”。緊接著， 我們在第2句中看到了signed an agreement banning human cloning（簽署禁止克隆人類的協議）和introducing a law to ban all human cloning（引入法令來禁止所有對人類的克隆）這樣的短語結構， 這些結構在內容上揭示了對克隆技術所作出的反應， 因此判斷A是答案。
解題思路特點（避重就輕）：利用段首句， 參考段落中局部結構的內容判斷段落主題。
B. anxiety about the future of cloning
C. the right to choose
E. Arguments in favor of cloning
F. a common sight
3. Paragraph 3 ___.
3 Many researchers are not so negative about cloning They are worried that laws banning human cloning will threaten important research In March，The New England Journal of“Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
3． E。分析： 首先參看段首句的內容：段首句說“許多研究者對克隆并不是如此的反對”， 緊接著說“他們（這些研究者）擔心…”, 然后我們在段落的最后一句中看到“許多研究者也相信…”, 很顯然“許多研究者”這個詞或與這個詞相關的內容是這段文字的主題內容， 但是被選項中沒有出現“研究者”， 因為涉及到段落主題詞“研究者”的句子中有兩個句子（第1句和第3句）都是在述說這些研究者對“克隆技術”的態度 ?C 不是那么消極， 因此判斷E（支持克隆技術的觀點）。
解題思路：利用段落中的主題詞確定段落主題句， 確認答案范圍。
B. anxiety about the future of cloning
C. the right to choose
F. a common sight
4. Paragraph 4 ___.
4 Is there reason to fear that cloning will lead to a nightmare world? The public has been bombarded(轟炸)with newspaper articles，television shows and films，as well as cartoons．Such information is often misleading，and makes people wonder what on earth the scientists will be doing next．
4．B． 分析： 該段中沒有出現明顯的主題詞， 注意段首句是問題句， 問題句中提出的問題往往直接主題涉及的內容。該句說“有沒有理由擔心克隆將導致一個噩夢世界的到來？”，這句話無疑直接反應了對克隆技術將對未來產生的影響的擔心。因此判斷B是答案。
提示： 當段落開頭句（尤其是段首句）是疑問句， 或出現由but/however/ nevertheless 等詞所引導的結構的時候, 則該句往往就是該段段落的主題句.
A. the nucleus of a cell
B. cloned human beings
C. a human being in two years
D. a law to ban human cloning
E. a report on human cloning
F. heavy media coverage
5. C。 分析: 解題思路1: 因為clone是及物動詞， 所以空格處需要名詞性的結構， 借助克隆這個詞義來看， 空格處最可能出現的答案是C（兩年以后（克隆）人）。 思路2： 利用空格前句子結構中出現的特征詞Richard Seed作為答案線索， 這樣找到答案相關句： But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world．該句說“Richard Seed宣布兩年以后他們將能克隆人”， 因此判斷C是答案。
A. the nucleus of a cell
B. cloned human beings
D. a law to ban human cloning
E. a report on human cloning
F. heavy media coverage
6. Richard seed’s announcement received ___.
6．F． 分析： 借助空格前后的搭配語意來看F（媒體大量的報道）合適。整個句子說“Richard seed的宣布得到了媒體大量的報道。”。也可以借助文章中的相關內容， 利用空格前面特征詞Richard seed作為答案線索， 這樣找到答案相關句： But the debate over cloning humans really started when Chicago physicist Richard Seed made a surprising announcement：“We will have managed to clone a human being within the next two years，”he told the world． 該劃線句只是提到Seed作了宣布以后， 一場關于克隆人的爭論真正開始了。 借助該劃線句的內容不能判斷答案， 繼續看后面的句子：Seed’s announcement provoked a lot of media attention，most of it negative． 該句說“Seed的宣布引發了很多媒體的關注， 而大多數的報道都是對克隆持消極的態度。”， 根據這個句子判斷答案是F。
A. the nucleus of a cell
B. cloned human beings
D. a law to ban human cloning
E. a report on human cloning
7. The United States will introduce ___.
7． D。 分析：借助空格前句的內容“美國將引入…”， 判斷D（禁止克隆人類的法令） 是答案。 也可以參考文章中的相關內容， 利用空格前句中的特征詞The United States作為答案線索， 這樣找到答案相關句： In Europe nineteen nations have already signed an agreement banning human cloning and in the US the President announced：“We will be introducing a law to ban all human cloning and many states in the US will have passed anti―cloning laws by the end of the year”劃線結構說“在美國總統宣布： 我們將引入一條禁止克隆人類的法令”， 因此判斷D是答案。
A. the nucleus of a cell
B. cloned human beings
E. a report on human cloning
8. Within ten years scientists will probably have ___.
8． B。 分析： 利用空格前面出現的狀語結構Within ten years作為答案線索， 這樣找到答案相關句： Within the next five to ten years scientists will probably have found a way of cloning humans．該句說“在未來的5到10年里， 科學家將可能已經找出了克隆人類的方法”， 因此判斷B（已經克隆了出了人）正確。
文章中的難句和長句分析：
1． In March，The New England Journal of“Medicine called any plan to ban research on cloning humans seriously mistaken
2． Many researchers also believe that in spite of attempts to ban it，human cloning will have become routine by 2010 because it is impossible to stop the progress of science.
3． It could be that pretty soon we will be able to choose the person that we want our childto look like pretty = very
