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Think as a Hacker Does

At the brand-new Hacker Academy in Chicago，US，students learn about phishing schemes1， firewall breaches，and advanced tricks for breaking into confidential documents and revealing passwords2．

But it's not nearly as illegal as it sounds．The academy doesn't teach people to be__1__． but to “think like hackers”―and hopefully to stay one step ahead of__2__．

The students are __3__ computer security professionals．They attend a course that teaches them the tools and techniques that hackers could use to get __4__ systems they're trying to protect．They __5__ a certificate in “ethical hacking3”if they graduate．

The academy is one of the growing number of organizations that teach IT4 security experts to think like their enemies and to find holes ill their systems __6__ the hackers do．

“If you can think like a hacker，you're able to __7__ some of the attacks that are happening，”said Aaron Cohen，the academy's founder.

Those attacks Call range from indiscriminate viruses to corporate spying and efforts to gain sensitive data __8__ banks，credit card companies，or individuals．
Computer Economics，a US IT research firm，estimates the __9__ caused by viruses and other attacks in 2006 to be somewhere around US$ l4 billion．

“While the massive viruses seem to be __10__ in number, there are more targeted
 attacks，”said Mark McManus of Computer Economics．

 With ransom attacks，for instance，hackers will break into a company’s network, and threaten to destroy it or give information to a competitor __11__ they’re not paid．
Given all the threats，many companies are sending IT professionals to courses like those Cohen offers．So the “ethical hacker” certification，Offered by the New York-based International Council of Electronic Commerce Consultants(the EC-Council)， __12__ about．

The EC―Council says it has trained about 20，000 people in 60 countries over the past three years，with 8，000 of them passing a __13__ and earning the “ethical hacker” certification．

Cohen's list of interested people includes an FBI5 agent，NASA6 employees，independent consultants, and company IT security directors．Some want the five-day on-site certification course．Others want a quick overview，like the US$695“midnight hacking” course，given online and late at __14__．

Cohen doesn't __15__ much about students using their courses for evil purposes. “Hackers don't need our help，”says Cohen．

詞匯：

hacker n．黑客
phishing n．網絡欺詐
breach n．突破
ethical adj．合乎道德的
indiscriminate adj．不加區分的
ransom v．& n．欺詐

注釋：

1．learn about phishing schemes 學習網絡欺詐
2．breaking into confidential documents and revealing passwords 闖入秘密文件，打開密碼
3．ethical hacker合乎道德規范的黑客
4．IT信息技術
5．FBI美國聯邦調查局
6．NASA美國國家航空航天局

1．  A)  professors    B)  hackers    C)  scientists    D)  technicians
2．  A)  her           B)  him        C)  us            D)  them
3．  A)  actually      B)  hardly     C)  scarcely      D)  rarely
4．  A)  over          B)  onto       C)  for           D)  into
5．  A)  give          B)  award      C)  get           D)  take
6．  A)  before        B)  after      C)  when          D)  while
7．  A)  protect       B)  defend     C)  safeguard     D)  prevent
8．  A)  at            B)  in         C)  from          D)  on
9．  A)  money         B)  damage     C)  cash          D)  interest
10.  A)  rising        B)  soaring    C)  reducing      D)  flying
11． A)  if            B)  unless     C)  since         D)  because
12   A)  went          B)  came       C)  appeared      D)  happened
13   A)  exam          B)  check      C)  test          D)  investigation
14   A)  noon          B)  dusk       C)  dawn          D)  night
15   A)  think         B)  worry      C)  doubt         D)  consider