2015年職稱英語考試（理工類Ｂ）考前押題試卷 5
發布時間：2015-03-25 共1頁
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Animal Intelligence
Are Animals intelligent? If they are, whichanimals are the most intelligent? These are not easy questions to answer. Inthe first place, no one is quite sure what intelligence is. We often say thatintelligence means being able to solve problems. 46. For example, dogsand cats often find their way home from long distances. To do this they have touse their intelligence. They have to remember and think. But many birds findtheir way over long distances, too. They travel thousands of miles every year whenthey move from cool to warmer places. We do not know how they do this but weknow that they do not use their intelligence.47. Young birds are able tomake these journeys without help as soon as they can fly. They are born withthis ability. This is not intelligence. We call this ‘instinct'.
Often we cannot be sure whether an animal isacting intelligently or instinctively. When a dog hears a strange noise, itbarks. This is instinct. It cannot stop itself from doing this. It does not reallyknow why it is doing this. But supposing a house is on fire and the dog barks outsideits master's bedroom until he wakes up, is the dog using its intelligence? 48.Often we cannot be sure.
Many animals, however, can be taught to soleproblems, especially when they are given rewards. Rats have been taught topress a lever to get food. Pigeons have been taught to peck a disc for the samereason. Even an octopus(章魚) has been trainedto know the difference between a square and an oblong (長方形) ! Animals in circuses have been taught to do all sorts of tricksto amuse an audience. 49. It is saying, “if I do this, I will get areward. Therefore I will do it.” This may be thought of as a low kind of intelligence.
Some animals, however, show a much higher kindof intelligence. They solve problems without any help. Chimpanzees, one of theape family, are much more intelligent than other animals. A chimpanzee once didsomething even more intelligent. He did not have a stick. He had two shorttubes. Neither of the tubes was long enough to reach the banana but one was widerthan the other. He jammed the narrow tube inside the wider tube and in this waymade one tube long enough to reach the banana 50
A Is it solving the problem by waking its master or is it simplybarking instinctively because it is afraid?
B Chimpanzees can solve certain problems without any help.
C Some animals seem able to do this.
D In all these cases we may say that an animal is using intelligence.
E In other words, he did not simply use a tool, which itself is intelligent:he made a tool.
F They do not remember places and directions and then make decisions.
