發布時間:2014-02-26 共2頁
我每天帶上一門的書與講義,搖搖晃晃的擠地鐵,再擠電梯,一門一門KEY著,有同事路過總會驚訝的說,咦,你怎么還在寫這個啊?
周圍的每一個沒有過CPA的人都在看書,特投入,特安靜,除了我,魚對我說,我覺得你還沉浸在ACCA過了的喜悅中,我說不是。我在打這些的時候,倒是充滿了回憶知識的痛苦呵呵,走上ACCA的路只是一個契機,這個契機給了我很多,也讓我失去了很多,我想當青春背上一個重擔時,腳步難免躑躅,只是在結束的那一刻,我總想留下些什么,給自己的這段路做個交代。
開始3.7吧,還是以REVISION上面的分類整理
這門初看的時候覺得很復雜,因為涉及到很多金融工具,投資融資及期貨期權的問題,在工作中基本接觸不到,而且這門基本上是CORE PAPER中通過率做低的一門。復習下來會發現,題目都會很典型,把題型摸透了,還是比較容易上手。因為我在看題目的時候,會把當時看下來的感受寫在題目旁邊,所以我會把我當初看的時候覺得思路特清楚可以多看看的的幾道題標出來,簡稱清楚題:)
幾個重點理論:NPV,discount rates, free cash flows, CAPM, portfolio theory.
A Objectives and strategy formulation
清楚題 04/6 Wurrall:很清楚,蠻全的,可以多看幾次
99/6 Hanme: APPENDIX的計算可以再看看,用來練手
01/12 Wickern:挺清楚的,可以再看
03/12 Snowwell: 挺清楚的,可以再看
關于財務戰略的題,以前的考試也都考過,但現在多些文字,再多些RATE的計算,拿下:)
Turnover
(operating costs before depreciation)
Balance
(Tax allowable depreciation)
Earning before interest and tax
(Net interest payable)
Profit on ordinary activities before tax
(Tax on ordinary activities)
Profit after tax
(Dividends)
Amount transferred to reserves
會要求寫假設
再寫假設的局限
其實這樣的題型比較完整的應該是出現在PART E里,我再后面會再提及,這個部分還是比較側重于財務管理的一些常規公式:profitability, gearing, liquidity ,working capital, stock market
B Investment decisions and risk analysis
清楚題 99/6 Tovell: APPENDIX的計算可以再看看
00/12 Fuelit:挺好的,弄明白了,看看
04/6 Zendeck:純關于WACC
03/6 Hasder: 多看看,與98/6Phantom放在一起看,理解公式
04/12 Trosoft:挺好,多看看,APV
簡單整理:
⑴Time value of money: FV=PV*(1+n)n
⑵Discount factor:題目給,或者(1+r)-n
⑶Annuities:
PV of deferred annuity=annual cash flow*annuity factor*PV factor
⑷Perpetuities:
PV of a perpeturity=P0=annual cash flow/discount rate
⑸NPV:
時間1 時間2 時間3時間4
Receipts:
Payments:
(wages)
(materials)
(variable/fixed overheads)
(administration/distribution expenses)
(capital allowances/tax allowable depreciation)
Taxable profits(EBIT)
(Tax)
Add back: capital allowances/tax allowable depreciation
(initial outlay)
NRV
Working capital 0-/n+
Net cash flow
Discount rate
PV
NPV
Free cash flows=EBIT(1-t)+capital investment+/-change in WC
可考慮的factor: social responsibility, risk, technical, economic, fiscal, CAPM limitation, reliability, sensitivity analysis,
未來的現金流不包括沉沒成本,非現金支出(折舊等),在做決定前已經發生的費用支出等。
⑹Fisher equation: (1+money rate)=(1+real rate)*(1+general inflation rate)
⑺WACC= Ke*E+ Kd(1-t)*D
E+D E+D
注意其他的相關公式如Ke \Kd \real rate的計算及相關的assumption: inflation rate 等等
⑻EVA=NOPAT-capital employed*cost of capital
注意EVA的優缺點
⑼Dividend valuation model: P0=D0(1+g)
Ke-g
注意相關的assumption
⑽the returns on a two-asset portfolio: Rp=RaXa+ RbXb
the risk on a two-asset portfolio:δp=√δ2aX2+δ2b(1-x)2+2x(1-x)Pabδaδb
correlation coefficient=COVab/δaδb
⑾Modigliani and Miller’s theory: MVg= MVu + Dt
⑿CAPM: required return=risk free return+ systematic risk premium
注意assumption/limitation
⒀the arbitrage price model
⒁APV:Base case NPV
(Issue costs)
PV of the tax shield
PV of interest savings on subsidized loan
APV
C Corporate expansion and reorganization
清楚題 03/12 Megasal: APPENDIX可以看看
01/6 Laceto
00/6 Romage
03/6 Evertalk
Advantage/disadvantage/who benefits/financial aspects
The max sum pay for a target company: PV of target company cash flow+ synergy\ Synergy: economies of scale/scope/vertical integration, operating, head office,
management, financial tax shield, market power
Problem to achieve Synergy
Methods: cash/equity shares/preference shares/loan stock
Regulation of takeovers
Defend against a takeover bid: pre-bid/post bid
P/E ratio/dividend valuation model\
D Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
清楚題 00/6 Retilon: 此題后附解題思路(helping hand),蠻清楚的,掌握方法
02/6 NTC:結合上題所附方法,多做幾遍
02/12 與上題同理,結合看
99/12 HYK 思路很清楚,用來加強鞏固
01/12 Shawter 三種避險工具的利弊,挺好的
Foreign exchange risk: transaction risk/economic risk/translation risk
Hedge避險工具: Forward market/ Money market/Futures/currency options
這部分題型比較固定,但也比較容易記亂了,多練練就好,就把每個類型中我復習時覺得比較特別的點拎出來
Forward market:payment:找最小的rate/receipts:找最的rate