職稱英語綜合類閱讀理解模擬試題一答案
發布時間：2013-11-04 共2頁
答案與解析：
1.分析文章標題：(Do you)Find(發現，找到) Yourself Packing It On? Blame(責備) Friends(朋友)
Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too.
Their study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12,067 people who had been closely followed for 32 years, from 1971 to 2003.
The investigators knew who was friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor, and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades. That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese. Did their friends also become obese? Did family members? Or neighbors?
The answer, the researchers report, was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese. That increased a persons chances of becoming obese by 57 percent. There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight，however, and family members had less influence than friends.
It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away, the influence remained. And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends. There, if one became obese, the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese, too.
The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss, the investigators say. But since most people were gaining, not losing, over the 32 years, the result was, on average, that people grew fatter.
Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, a physician and professor of medical sociology at Harvard Medical School and a principal investigator in the new study, said one explanation was that friends affected each others’ perception of fatness. When a close friend becomes obese, obesity may not look so bad.
“You change your idea of what is an acceptable body type by looking at the people around you,” Dr. Christakis said.
The investigators say their findings can help explain why Americans have become fatter in recent years ?C each person who became obese was likely to drag along some friends!
Their analysis was unique, Dr. Christakis said, because it moved beyond a simple analysis of one person and his or her social contacts and instead examined an entire social network at once, looking at how a person's friend's friends, or influence on a person's weight or a spouse's sibling's friends, could have an influence on a person’s weight.
The effects, he said, “highlight the importance of contagion, that spreads through the network.”
Of course, the investigators say, social networks are not the only factors that affect body weight. There is a strong genetic component at work, too.
Science has shown that individuals have genetically determined ranges of weights, spanning perhaps 30 or so pounds for each person. But that leaves a large role for the environment in determining whether a person’s weight is near the top of his or her range or near the bottom. As people have gotten fatter, it appears that many are edging toward the top of their ranges. The question has been why.
If the new research is correct, it may say that something in the environment seeded what some call an obesity epidemic, making a few people gain weight. Then social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.
分析：“pack it on”的含義為“變得肥胖”，因此文章主題內容為“如果你發現自己變胖了， 你應該責怪你的朋友們”。
2.直接解題：
1. Who had the greatest (最大的，/偉大的， 非常的)influence on (有對...的影響)people who became obese?
A. their friends
B. their neighbors(鄰居)
C. their family(家庭， 家庭的) members(成員)
D. their colleagues(同事)
1.A. 該題可根據文章主題(文章標題內容)“如果你發現自己變胖了，你應該責怪你的朋友們”直接判斷答案。 也可以依據文章中的相關內容判定答案：利用備選項中的細節信息詞(A：friends; B: neighbors; C: family members; D: colleagues)共同作為答案線索，在文章中查找答案相關句：
Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too.
Their study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12,067 people who had been closely followed for 32 years, from 1971 to 2003.
The investigators knew who was friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor, and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades. That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese. Did their friends also become obese? Did family members? Or neighbors?
(第一題答案相關句)(第4段)The answer(答案), the researchers(研究者) report(報告), was that people were most likely to (很可能...)become obese(肥胖的) when a friend (朋友)became obese. That increased(增加) a person’s chances of (...的機會/可能性)becoming obese by (了)57 percent(百分之). There was no effect(influence的近義詞)(影響，實現) when a neighbor gained or lost weight(增肥或減肥)，however(然而), and family members had less (較少的， 不太，不(如))influence(影響) than friends.
答案相關句(第四段)說“提到研究者發現，當周圍朋友發福時，人最容易發胖.而鄰居則不會對人產生影響，甚至家庭成員的影響也不如朋友大。而關于同事的內容，文章中并沒有提到。
2. Which of the following (下列哪個)statement(陳述，聲明) about a friend's influence(影響) is false(錯誤的，假的， 人工的) according to (根據)the report(報告)?
A. Friends had more influence (影響)than(比) family members(家庭成員) on people who became obese.
B. Even if (即使)the friend lives far away(遙遠), the influence still (仍然，更)remained(繼續， 留下)
C. People were not likely to (可能...)lose weight (減肥)when they have skinny(皮包骨的) friends.
D. The greatest influence of all(全部) was between close(近的, 緊密的, 親密的) mutual(共有的， 相互的) friends.
2.C. 可以借助文章主題或接著解答上一題所獲得的相關信息直接判斷C錯誤。 也可以借助文章中的相關內容判斷答案：
Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too.
Their study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12,067 people who had been closely followed for 32 years, from 1971 to 2003.
The investigators knew who was friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor, and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades. That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese. Did their friends also become obese? Did family members? Or neighbors?
(第一題答案相關句)The answer, the researchers report, was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese. That increased a persons chances or becoming obese by 57 percent. There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight，however, and family members had less influence than friends.
(第二題答案相關句)It did not even(甚至) matter(有關系。 事情， 物質)if (是否， 如果)the friend was hundreds of miles away(在遠處， 到遠處), the influence remained(繼續). (與選項B內容一致)And the greatest influence of all was between close (親密的)mutual(相互的) friends(與選項D內容一致). There, if one became obese, the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese, too.
A選項說的是“朋友產生的影響大于庭成員”，該選項內容與第一題答案相關句內容一致; B選項也是正確的， 因為第五段第一句話提到，即使朋友遠在千里之外，這種影響仍然存在：第五段第二句特合D選項的愈思：那些關系親密的朋友產生的影響最大。因此只有C不正確。
3. According to (根據)Dr.(博士， 醫生) Nicholas A. Christakis, what is the explanation for (對...的解釋)friends being the greatest influence?
A. Friends usually(通常) spend(花費(時間/金錢)) a lot of (很多的)time together(一起，共同).
B. Friends share(分享， 共有) similar(相似的) eating habits(飲食習慣).
C. Friends are more important (更重要的)than family members.
D. Friends affected(影響) each others(彼此)’ feelings(感覺， 知覺)of fatness(肥胖)
3.D. 利用問題句中的特征詞(Nicholas A. Christakis)作為答案線索， 同時利用備選項B中的典型細節信息結構(eating habits)作為答案線索， 在文章中查找答案相關句：
Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too.
Their study, published in The New England Journal of Medicine, involved a detailed analysis of a large social network of 12,067 people who had been closely followed for 32 years, from 1971 to 2003.
The investigators knew who was friends with whom as well as who was a spouse or sibling or neighbor, and they knew how much each person weighed at various times over three decades. That let them reconstruct what happened over the years as individuals became obese. Did their friends also become obese? Did family members? Or neighbors?
The answer, the researchers report, was that people were most likely to become obese when a friend became obese. That increased a persons chances or becoming obese by 57 percent. There was no effect when a neighbor gained or lost weight，however, and family members had less influence than friends.
(第2題答案相關句)(第5段)It did not even matter if the friend was hundreds of miles away, the influence remained. And the greatest influence of all was between close mutual friends. There, if one became obese, the other had a 171 percent increased chance of becoming obese, too.
(第6段)The same effect seemed to occur for weight loss, the investigators say. But since most people were gaining, not losing, over the 32 years, the result was, on average, that people grew fatter.
(第7段)Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, a physician(醫生) and(兼) professor (教授)of medical(醫學的) sociology(社會學) at Harvard Medical School(哈佛醫學院)and a principal(主要的， 校長， 負責人) investigator(調查人) in the new study(研究), said one explanation (問題句中的核心詞)was that friends affected(影響) each others(彼此)’ perception(理解)(perception是feeling的近義詞) of fatness(肥胖). When a close friend (親密的朋友)becomes obese, obesity may not look so bad.
答案相關句(第七段第一句)涉及到了Dr. Nicholas A. Christakia對于這種現象的解釋：朋友之間對于肥胖的感知是互相影響的。因此D是答案。
