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據(jù)網(wǎng)友提供信息，2015年職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)考試?yán)砉閱讀理解其中一篇來(lái)自于衛(wèi)生教材中閱讀判斷的第5篇Dangers Await Babies withAltitude。各位考友可以參考原文及譯文，比對(duì)答案。

　　以下為衛(wèi)生教材原文：

　　Dangers Await Babies withAltitude

　　Womenwho live in the world’s highest communities tend to give birth to under-weightbabies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a highrisk of heart disease and strokes.

　　Researchhas hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. Butit wasn’t clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitudeor because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at highaltitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.

　　Tofind out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied therecords of 400 births in Bolivia during 1997 and 1998. The babies were bom inboth rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is thehighest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruzis much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.

　　Sureenough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz wassignificantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high andlow-income families. Even babies bom to poor families in Santa Cruz wereheavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. “Wewere very surprised by this result,” says Giussani.

　　Theresults suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen beforebirth. “This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulategrowth of the unborn child.” says Giussani.

　　Histeam also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively largerheads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved ofoxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to the rest of thebody.

　　Giussaniwants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life.People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, forexample. Low birthweight is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Andnewborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed tohigh blood pressure and strokes in later life.

　　高海拔地區(qū)的嬰兒有危險(xiǎn)

　　一個(gè)新的研究表明，住在世界高海拔地區(qū)的女人通常生下體重不足的嬰兒。這些嬰兒在長(zhǎng)大成人后得心臟病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大。

　　研究暗示，在山區(qū)出生的新生兒低于平均體重。但是還不清楚這是由于在高海拔的地方氧氣不足，還是由于他們的母親沒(méi)有獲得足夠的營(yíng)養(yǎng)——許多住在高海拔地方的人相對(duì)都比住在低海拔地區(qū)的人窮。

　　為了了解更多情況，劍橋大學(xué)的Dina Giussani和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了1997年至1998年玻利維亞的400個(gè)新生兒的記錄。這些嬰兒出生于兩個(gè)城市的富有和貧困地區(qū)：拉巴斯和圣克魯斯。拉巴斯是世界上海拔最高的城市，海拔3.65千米，而圣克魯斯低很多，海拔440米。

　　當(dāng)然，Giussani發(fā)現(xiàn)拉巴斯的新生兒的平均出生體重明顯低于圣克魯斯的新生兒，無(wú)論高收入家庭還是低收入家庭都是如此。甚至圣克魯斯的貧窮家庭的嬰兒比拉帕茲的富有家庭的嬰兒平均體重還要重。Giussani說(shuō)：“我們對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)果感到吃驚。”

　　這個(gè)結(jié)果表明在高海拔出生的嬰兒出生前就缺氧了。Giussani說(shuō)：“這可能會(huì)觸發(fā)調(diào)節(jié)胎兒成長(zhǎng)的荷爾蒙的釋放或抑制。”

　　他的團(tuán)隊(duì)還發(fā)現(xiàn)高海拔的嬰兒通常有相對(duì)身體來(lái)說(shuō)較大的頭部。這可能是因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)缺乏氧的胚胎會(huì)首先把充氧的血液輸送到腦部，然后才送到身體的其他部位。

　　Giussani想要查出這樣的嬰兒在今后的生活中是不是更容易得病。例如在拉巴斯出生的人在成年之后更可能得心臟病。出生時(shí)體重輕是得冠心病的一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)因素。頭部相對(duì)身體較大的新生兒在今后的生活中通常更容易地高血壓和中風(fēng)。