GMAT語法精講全面解析01
發布時間：2012-05-29 共9頁
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5.1在主語和謂語之間插入一些說明的成分;多了一些名詞
In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so as to marry Anne Boleyn.
①so as to marry
②so that he could marry
正確;①的話前面有兩個名詞主語;Henry和Queen Catherine;這樣會使大家對后面的動詞marry，到底是誰發出了這個動作產生一定的困惑
5.2前置短語：在主語之前放了一些修飾成分
EG: (When the auditors left), the executive (who had ben interviewed was glad)
提示： 從句始終只是句子中輔助的成分，類似形容詞，名詞和副詞在句子中起的是minor的意思，并不能影響句子的主干;影響句子的主干依舊只是 名詞 動詞 代詞和動詞
6.表達簡潔
6.1 主動優于被動
A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought.
① Claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought
② Claims suggesting the economy might not be as weak as previously thought to be by some analysts
A 正確;as weak as some analysts previously thought 比 as weak as previously thought by some analyst 好; 表述清晰，簡潔;
The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."
① Crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is
② Stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is
although the air that forms them is moving rapidly 比 although they are formed by rapidly moving air 好 主動的意思表達更清晰
6.2 能用名詞的地方用名詞，能用動詞的地方用動詞
A twenty-one ceramic dog figurines were discovered during the excavating of a 1000-year old Holokam village in Tempe, Arizona, has nearly doubled the number of these artifacts known to exist. a. Discovering twenty-one ceramic dog figurines at the excavating
b. The discovery of twenty-one ceramic dog figurines during the excavation.
B正確，用了名詞;A錯誤，因為動名詞帶有動詞的屬性，他無法解釋是誰發出了這個動作。名詞更加清晰簡潔。
Leaching, the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of the
extraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenth century, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria take an active part in the process.
A. was a well-established method of mineral extraction
B. was a well-established method of extracting mineral that was
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a正確; b的同樣問題，extracting的動作發起者同樣無法確定
7.一些詞語單復數的用法
7.1Number的用法小結
幾種用法之間區別：非核心詞與核心詞;number的意義;number與相關成分的單復數一致關系。
a number of / numbers of + 可數名詞復數 + 動詞復數
可以理解為量詞結構，a number of表示一些，numbers of表示大量，of后面的復數名詞才是核心詞，謂語動詞因此總是復數
Many students arrived early, but only a number of them worked on their exercises.
The lake produces a good number of (=a lot of) salmon each season. Numbers of birds fly across the lake.
另外：any number of 用于非正式場合，表示大量
There could be any number of (=many) reasons why she's late.
It seems likely that a number of astronomical phenomena, such as the formation of planetary nebulas, are caused by the interaction of two stars orbiting each other at close range.
When the technique known as gene-splicing was invented in the early 1970’s, it was feared that scientists might inadvertently create an “Andromeda strain,” a microbe never before seen on Earth that might escape from the laboratory and kill vast numbers of human who would have no natural defenses against it.
the number of + 可數名詞復數 + 動詞單數: number是核心詞，可以被具體的一個數字表示 可數物品累積起來的數量, 可數名詞需用復數形式
這時number是核心詞，可以被具體化為一個數字，如50或者100，謂語動詞因此總是單數
The number of students who participated the interview was 100.
Today’s case brings the number of successful prosecutions in the region to thirty-four.
[這里有個疑問有待考證：是否可以從例子派生出The numbers of girl and boy students are respectively 30 and 70? 如果可以，則規則為：the number(s) of + n.(總是復數) + v.(單數或者復數-取決于number的形式)]。 A Labor Department study states that the number of women employed outside the home increased by more than thirty-five percent in the past decade and accounted for more than sixty-two percent of the total growth in the civilian work force.
Los Angeles has a higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than does any other large city.
有人問為什么不選(D) higher numbers of family dwellings per capita than do other large cities(C). ETS：the plural numbers is incorrect in that there is only a single number of such dwellings.
這題是什么時候用單數，什么時候用復數number的好例證：ETS的意思是，因為人均住房面積只用一個數值就可以表示了，例如20平方米/人，即number 就是這個數，所以number 和對應謂語動詞都用單數。另外，比較級higher表示將LA的number 和其他城市相應的number相比：one number is larger/greater/higher than the other number.
numbers作為核心詞，表示可以被具體化的幾個數
