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　　c)用一個(gè)名詞概括代詞指代的對(duì)象

　　(A)第二個(gè)分句中的their在邏輯意思上應(yīng)該指代researchers，與前面出現(xiàn)的代詞they指代對(duì)象不一致; goal和creating概念不對(duì)等; primarily修飾creating,邏輯意思錯(cuò)誤

　　(B)分號(hào)后面不是一個(gè)完整的句子;then是副詞,不能連接句子,應(yīng)該改為and then

　　(C)正確, and then respond和can identify并列;重復(fù)the researcher消除了指代歧異;goal和to do概念對(duì)等

　　(D) giving沒有平行的對(duì)象,且使用give a response不如直接用動(dòng)詞respond簡(jiǎn)潔有效;goal和creation概念不對(duì)等,“目標(biāo)”只能是去做某事,而不可能是一個(gè)名詞“creation”

　　(E) responding沒有平行的對(duì)象;primarily位置錯(cuò)誤,置于句首則修飾整個(gè)句子; goal和creating概念不對(duì)等

　　3. Having finally reached a tentative labor agreement with its company's pilots, it must now be determined by the airline's board of directors how the airline can both increase profits and compete more effectively for customers than they did in the past.

　　(A) it must now be determined by the airline's board of directors how the airline can both increase profits and compete more effectively for customers than they did in the past

　　(B) it must now be determined by the airline's board of directors how the airline can both increase profits and must compete more effectively than in the past for customers

　　(C) the airline's board of directors must now determine both how to make the airline increase profits and compete more effectively for customers than they did in the past

　　(D) the airline's board of directors must now determine how the airline can both increase profits and compete more effectively for customers than it did in the past

　　(E) the airline's board of directors must now determine how the airline can both increase profits and also how to make it compete more effectively than in the past for customers

　　1)分詞短語在句首起狀語作用,邏輯主語等于句子主語

　　2)形式主語it的使用: it作為形式主語,指代主語從句(it is exciting that I ...)或者不定式短語(it is difficult to do...)

　　(A)不符合形式主語的使用規(guī)則,how前面要加上that,構(gòu)成it is… that型主語從句; it沒有指代對(duì)象且不能作為having finally reached的邏輯主語; they沒有指代對(duì)象,應(yīng)該改為it,用來指代the airline.

　　(B)不符合形式主語的使用規(guī)則; it沒有指代對(duì)象，且不能作為having finally reached的邏輯主語; both increase profits and must compete結(jié)構(gòu)不平行;修飾成分for customers和修飾對(duì)象compete more effectively中間插入了than in the past, 句子不通順, for customers應(yīng)該緊接compete more effectively之后

　　(C) both how to make the airline increase profits and compete結(jié)構(gòu)不平行; they沒有指代對(duì)象

　　(D)正確, 注意到了邏輯主語的問題; both increase profits and compete結(jié)構(gòu)平行

　　(E) both increase profits and also how to make結(jié)構(gòu)不平行; for customers應(yīng)該緊靠compete more effectively

　　4. When Nigeria achieved full independence in 1960, they had already established a federal political structure consisting of three regions based on the three major population clusters that were in its borders.

　　(A) they had already established a federal political structure consisting of three regions based on