職稱英語考試語法解讀：數(shù)詞
發(fā)布時間：2014-01-22 共1頁
Ⅰ.數(shù)詞的分類
1.基數(shù)詞
表示數(shù)目的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。其形式如下：
A.從1-10
one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，ten.
B.從11-19
eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen
The boy is in his teens.
C.從21-99
除twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty為特殊形式外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其個位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。
21 twenty-one
76 seventy-six
D.百位數(shù)
個數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”，表示幾百，在幾十幾與百位間加上and.
101 a hundred and one
320 three hundred and twenty
648 six hundred and forty-eight
E.千位數(shù)以上
從數(shù)字的右端向左端數(shù)起，每三位數(shù)加一個逗號“，”。從右開始，第一個“，”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand，第二個“，”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million，第三個“，”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion。然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示，兩個逗號之間最大的數(shù)為百位數(shù)形式。
2,648 two thousand，six hundred and forty-eight
16,250,064 sixteen million，two hundred and fifty thousand and sixty-four
5,237,166,234 five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-four
F.基數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時，不能使用百、千、百萬、十億的復(fù)數(shù)形式；但當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字，如成百、成千上萬、三三兩兩時，基數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。
There are hundreds of people in the hall.
Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day.
They went to the theatre in twos and threes.
G.表示人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代，用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示。
He became a professor in his thirties.
She died of lung cancer in her forties.
It was in the 1960s.
H.基數(shù)詞的句法功能
基數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語。
The two happily opened the box.
I need three altogether.
Four students are playing volleyball outside.
We are sixteen.
They three tried to finish the task before sunset.
2.序數(shù)詞
表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞的主要形式：
A.從第一至第十九
其中，one-first， two-second， three-third， five-fifth，eight-eighth，nine-ninth，twelve-twelfth為特殊形式，其它的序數(shù)詞都是由其相對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如： six-sixth、nineteen-nineteenth.
B.從第二十至第九十九
整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i，再加“eth”構(gòu)成。
twenty-twentieth thirty-thirtieth
表示第幾十幾時，用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“-”和個位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。
thirty-first
fifty-sixth
seventy-third
ninety-ninth
C.第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞
由基數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。
one hundred and twenty-first
one thousand，three hundred and twentieth
D.序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式
有時，序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。
first-lst second-2nd third-3rd
fourth-4th sixth-6th twentieth-20th
twenty-third-23rd
其中l(wèi)st，2nd，3rd為特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。
E.序數(shù)詞的句法功能
序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和表語。
The second is what I really need.
He chose the second.
We are to carry out the first plan.
She is the second in our class.
注：序數(shù)詞在使用時，通常前面要加定冠詞 the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時，則表示“再——”，“又——”。
We’ll go over it a second time.
We’ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?
Ⅱ.時刻表示法
five o’clock 或 five
five past seven
half past six
a quarter past eight
seven past eight
ten to eight
a quarter to twelve
twenty to six
在日常生活中，常用下列簡單方法表示時間。
six thirty-one
ten twenty-six
fourteen o three
sixteen fifteen
eighteen thirty
twenty-three fifty-five
注：時刻表上的時間大多采用24小時表示法，這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。
Ⅲ.年月表示法
1.世紀(jì)
the sixth(6th)century
the eighteenth(18th)century
the 1900s
the 1600s
2.年代
in the 1930s
in the 1860s
In the 1870s when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia，so he began to learn Russian.
3.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠詞后，年代前添加 early，mid-，late
in the early 1920s
in the mid-1950s
4.年月日表示法
January，F(xiàn)ebruary，March，April
May，June，July，August，September
October，November，December
On Oct.15,1949
In Dec.1902
Ⅳ.分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞一起來表示的?；鶖?shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。本文|由職業(yè)培訓(xùn)教育網(wǎng)獨(dú)家整理。
3/4 three fourths或 three quarters
1/3 one third或a third
24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths
3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter
1/2 a half
1/4 one quarter或a quarter
1 1/2 one and a half
1 1/4 one and a quarter
Ⅴ.小數(shù)表示法
0.4 zero point four或point four
10.23 ten point two three
25.67 twenty-five point six seven
l.03 one point o three
Ⅵ.百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法
百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)+percent表示
50% fifty percent
3% three percent
0.12% zero point one two percent
