職稱英語考試語法解讀：代詞
發布時間：2014-01-22 共1頁
Ⅰ.代詞的種類
代詞是指代替名詞及名詞詞組的詞。英語中代詞可分為人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、關系代詞、不定代詞。
人稱代詞是用來指代人的代詞
主格Iyouhe, she ,itweyouthey
賓格meyouhim, her, itusyouthem
例：
He is a worker.
It was she.
The police found her.
The gift is for me.
物主代詞有兩大類：形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。
形容詞性:my our you his her its their
名詞性: mine ours yours his hers its theirs
如：My pen is here. Where's yours? (=your pen)
My ankle hurts.
John's broken his leg.
反身代詞多由物主代詞加self或selves構成
(1)一般用法
She cut herself while cooking.
I ask myself the same question.
I don't want to talk about myself any more.
Why don't you be yourself?
(2)強調用法
I myself did it. (=I did it myself.)
I will tell Betty herself what you told me.
相互代詞表示動作所涉及到的事物之間。英語中有兩對相互代詞詞組，即：eachother和oneanother。本文|由職業培訓教育網獨家整理。如：
They love each other.
He and I are studying each other's native language.
They help each other.
The athletes encouraged one another.
指示代詞有：this,that,these,those和such，它們既是限定詞，又是代詞
This/That is my house.
These/Those are your books.
Come and look at this/these.
Such a good news made us very happy.
Such was his idea. He only failed to make it clear.
疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what,which等
(1)who和whom
Who wants to know?
Who is it?
Whom does she mean?
Whom did you go with?
(2)whose,which,what
Whose ruler are you using now?
What are you doing?
What size do you wear?
Which do you prefer?
關系代詞用于引導定語從句。英語的關系代詞主要有who,whom,which,that等。
不定代詞的用法比較復雜
(1)each,every,all
All the students attended the meeting.
Every student has a copy of this book.
She gave a bag of sweets to each.
(2)both,either,neither
I don't think either of them know/knows.
I think neither of them know/knows.
Both of them are college students.
Either of them will do.
(3)some(-thing,-body,-one),any(-thing,-body,-one)
Somebody/Someone is coming.
Is there anybody who wants to go to the movie tonight?
(4)nothing，none
None of her relatives is /are here.
None of this china is valuable.
There's nothing I can do for you.
代詞it的基本用法：
(1)it可以用來指動物，甚至可以指不知其性別或性別無關緊要的嬰幼兒，如：
What's the matter with that child? It looks ill.
(2)it可以用來指上文的情況，如：
Her mother's just died. It's been a terrible shock to her.
(3)it可以用來指天氣、時間、地點、溫度、距離等，還可以用于其它一些結構。本文|由職業培訓教育網獨家整理。如：
It's warm today.
It's raining.
It's December already.
-Who is it?
-It's me.
(4)it可放于句首，作為句中的形式主語，實際主語放于其后，如：
It is said that he refuses to come.
It is difficult to speak English well.
(5)It 可用于強調句
It was he that I gave the book to.
Ⅱ.職稱英語主要測試點
指示代詞和it指代
舉例：
1)TV can make anything or anyone well known overnight. This is the principle behind “quiz” or “game” shows, which put ordinary people on TV to play a game for prizes and money.
2)We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. This is logical.
3)If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive, they must be given a share in the company’s profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity.
4)Like football, basketball originated in the US and is not popular in other countries. Many Americans prefer it to football because it is played indoors throughout the winter and because it is a faster game.
5)In Ontario, ask the dealer or seller for the Used Vehicle Information Package. This gives details of previous owners, any outstanding liens on the car and the fair market value of the vehicle.
6)A person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on.
7)You’ve probably heard that no two snowflakes are alike. Of course, nobody has ever confirmed that statement.
8)In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed a law. It allowed the government to remove Indians from their lands.
結論：指示代詞this, that, such及代詞it除可代替前句中出現的名詞，更可代替其之前敘述的一句或幾句話。
