職稱英語考試語法解讀：動詞
發布時間：2014-01-22 共1頁
Ⅰ.動詞的種類
動詞是指表示動作和狀態的詞。動詞可分五種類型：及物動詞、不及物動詞、系動詞、 助動詞和情態動詞。
1.及物動詞
He is writing a letter.
I smell flowers.
2.不及物動詞
We lived in London.
The window has opened.
3.系動詞
He is a student.
That sounds good.
The child seems unhappy about it.
4.助動詞
助動詞通常有 be, do, have。如：
Do come in, please.
I don't feeling very well.
當be, do, have用作普通動詞時，它們有一定的詞匯意義。如：
I have one sister.
You can do it as you like.
5.情態助動詞
情態動詞表示說話人對所說的話的態度和看法。情態動詞雖然本身有一定的意義，但不能單獨構成動詞詞組。它必須與主動詞一起構成動詞詞組。本文|由職業培訓教育網獨家整理。
can, could
may, might
must
ought to
shall, should
will, would
dare, dared
need
如：
Can she speak Arabic?
It may well rain.
People shouldn't ill-treat animals.
Will you help me, please?
Ⅱ.動詞的時態
(一)動詞的一般時
1.一般現在時
He goes to school by bike everyday.
The earth goes around the sun.
I think you are right.
用于一般現在時的時間狀語有：
usually, sometimes, always, often, ever, never, once a week, now and then, from time to time等。
2.一般過去時
I wasn't in last night.
When he was a child, he often swam in the river.
3.一般將來時
一般和表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow, next month, next week等。如：
I'll go to see my grandmother next weekend.
(二)動詞的完成時
1.現在完成時
(1)現在完成時由"have (has) + 動詞的-ed分詞"構成，表示到現在為止的一段時間內發生的情況或動作。本文|由職業培訓教育網獨家整理。如：
I have cut my finger.
I've always walked to school.
(2)動詞的現在完成時也可以表示一個動作發生在過去，但一直延續到現在，并可能繼續進行下去，這時常常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。這類時間狀語有for和since引導的短語等等。如：
I have studied English for four years.
He has lived in Shanghai since 1992.
2.過去完成時
By the end of the month Jack had collected more than a hundred foreign stamps.
I had whitewashed the room when he came back from abroad.
3.將來完成時
They'll have hit the year's target by the end of October.
By next month I will have studied German for just two years.
(三)動詞的進行時
1.現在進行時
They are having military training these days.
I am waiting for the bus.
My grandmother is coming to see me next week.
She's coming tomorrow.
2.過去進行時
I was reading a novel when you came in.
3.將來進行時
I will be working in the department store at this time next week.
She will be telling you about it this afternoon.
(四)動詞的完成進行時
1.現在完成進行時
She is ill. She's been lying in the bed for two weeks.
You've been saying that for five years.
2.過去完成進行時
He told me he had been writing the paper for one month.
3.將來完成進行時
I shall have been working here in this factory for eight years by the end of the year.
(五)動詞的將來時
1.現在/一般將來時
They'll finish the job ahead of time.
They will be moving to a new flat soon.
2.過去將來時
She said she would come back the next day.
Every evening they would talk with the teacher.
