職稱英語（綜合類）輔導(dǎo)講議－詞匯學(xué)習(xí)
發(fā)布時間：2011-09-29 共14頁
詞匯學(xué)習(xí)7：
1. D annoying和irritating意思最相近，有“使煩惱的”，“使人不愉快的”等意思。hateful有“可恨的”，“心懷不滿的”等意思。He is hateful to me.我覺得他可恨。Don't be so hateful.別這么怨天尤人。painful:痛苦的。I don't like his painful look.我不喜歡他那副痛苦的表情。horrifying是“恐怖的”，“使震驚的”的意思。These were horrifying experiences.這些經(jīng)歷不堪回首。
2. C deliberately和intentionally意思相同；故意，蓄意地。sufficient:足夠的，充分的。This is sufficient for my needs.足夠我用了。noticeable:明顯的，易見的。There is no noticeable difference.二者之間沒有顯著差異。absolutely:絕對地。He's absolutely correct.他絕對正確。
3. A vague:模糊的，含糊的。imprecise:不確切的，不明確的。concise:簡明扼要的。如：Her letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent to the job for which she was applying.她的信很簡明，省去了所有跟申請就業(yè)不相關(guān)的東西。unpolished:未經(jīng)修飾的。She is reading an unpolished poem.她在讀一首未經(jīng)潤色的詩。elementary:基本的，初級的。How can you expect to succeed without even the most elementary knowledge of the field?連該領(lǐng)域中的基本知識都沒有，你還能成功？
4. A 探險隊在那天上午10:30分到達了山頂。summit指“山頂”，與top of the mountain意思相近。選項B意思與之相反。選項C指的是“起點”。D則指的是“地點”。
5. A 最新的人口普查是令人鼓舞的。census指的是an official count of the people who live in a country, including information about their ages, jobs, etc.,即人口普查，與count意思最接近。B的意思是“陳述”，“報告”，“聲明”；C的意思是“同意”；D的意思是“估計”，這幾個詞的詞義與census相去甚遠。
6. C duplicate和copy意思近似，表示“復(fù)制”。borrow:借。purchase:買。rewrite:改寫。
7. B ban和forbid意思相近，表示“禁止”。list:列出。list a few reasons:列舉幾條理由。handle:對待，應(yīng)付。The speaker handled his subject concisely.演講者對主題作了簡要的論述。investigate:調(diào)查。
8. A lawful:合法的。legal:合法的。What I did was perfectly legal.我所做的完全合法。irresistible:不可抵擋的。The music is irresistible.音樂太動聽了。enjoyable:有樂趣的。Was it an enjoyable movie?這部電影有意思嗎？profitable:有益的；有利可圖的。We had a profitable talk.我們的談話是有益的。
9. D mock:取笑，嘲笑。laugh at:取笑，嘲笑。It is unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.嘲笑有困難的人是不好的。smile at:笑（某人或某事）。What are you smiling at?你在笑什么？look down on:看不起。Small boys usually look down on little girls and refuse to play with them.小男孩常常看不起小女孩，因此不愿意跟她們玩。belittle:貶低；低估。Don't belittle what he has achieved.不要貶低他所取得的。
10. A motive:動機。reason:理由。There is no reason to doubt his word.沒有理由不相信他的話。argument:論據(jù)。There are many arguments against smoking.有許多論據(jù)可以證明吸煙是有害的。target:目標。The target of the new plan is primary education for all children.新計劃要取得的目標是使所有的孩子都得到初等教育。stimulus:刺激。Reduced tariffs are a stimulus to foreign trade.降低關(guān)稅可以促進外貿(mào)。
11. C notably:值得注意地；特別。particularly:尤其，特別。I often do absent-minded things, particularly when I'm worried.我常干些心不焉的事，特別是當(dāng)我焦慮的時候。noticeably:顯而易見地。Standards of living are deteriorating rather noticeably.生活水平正在明顯下降。remarkably:顯著地。Working conditions have been remarkably improved.工作條件得到了顯著改善。significantly:顯著地，在相當(dāng)?shù)某潭壬稀ales levels are significantly lower than last year.銷售額比去年幅下降了。
12. B omit:疏忽，遺漏。fail:失敗；沒有能夠。He failed to understand the real significance of it.他沒有理解它的真正意義。forget:忘記。I forgot to wind my watch last night.昨晚我忘了給手表上發(fā)條。delete:消去；刪除。The patient's high fever deleted most of his memories.病人的高燒使他的記憶差不多喪失殆盡。leave out:遺漏；省略。She left out an important detail in her account.她在敘述中漏稅掉了一個重要的細節(jié)。
13. D orthodox:正統(tǒng)的；傳統(tǒng)的。conventional:常見的；傳統(tǒng)的。People still wear conventional clothes here.這兒的人仍穿傳統(tǒng)的衣服。acceptable:可接受的。Great Britain has three parties-the Conservative, the Liberal and the Labor Party.英國有三個黨：保守黨，自由黨和工黨。western:西方的。I don't like Western food.我不喜歡西餐。
14. B outrageous:兇暴的；令人不能容忍的。unacceptable:不可接受的。Mary left her husband because of his unacceptable behavior.因為丈夫的行為不可接受，瑪麗離開了他。unheard of:沒有聽說過的。You can't do that－it's unheard of.你不可干此事，從未聽說有人干過。unbelievable:難以置信的。His guitar solos are just unbelievable.他的吉他獨奏曲實在太棒了。ridiculous:可笑的。That hat makes you look ridiculous.你戴上那頂帽子，看上去很滑稽。
15. A scared:受到驚嚇的，恐懼的。frightened:害怕的，受驚的。killed:被殺死。All her five sons were killed in the earthquake.她的五個兒子都在地震中身亡。endanger:使遭到危險，使瀕于滅亡。You will endanger your health if you work so hard.你太賣力的話會損害自己的健康的。rescued:被營救的。She was rescued nine days after the plane crash.飛機失事九天后她被人營救。
詞匯學(xué)習(xí)8：
1. C hail和acclaim意思相近，表示“向……歡呼”，“將……擁戴為”。又如：He was acclaimed as Britain's greatest modern painter.他被贊譽為英國最偉的現(xiàn)代畫家。challenge:挑戰(zhàn)。challenge his theory:向他的理論挑戰(zhàn)。publish:出版。guide:指導(dǎo)。
2. A principal organizer:主要組織者。planner:組織者，策劃者。employee:雇員。actor:演員。recipient:接受者。如：She is a welfare recipient.她是接受福利救濟的人。
3. B postulate:假定。與assume（設(shè)想；假定）意思相近。I assume you don't drive, Mr. Jones?瓊斯先生，我想你不會開車吧？challenge:挑戰(zhàn)。His authority was challenged.他的權(quán)威性受到了挑戰(zhàn)。deduct:減去。Tax will be deducted automatically from your wages.稅會自動從你工資中扣除。decree:頒布（法令、政令）。The minister decreed that there would be a full in investigation over this matter.部長下令，將對此進行全面調(diào)查。
4. B extinction:滅絕，絕跡。與die out（絕種）意思相近。The giant panda is in danger of dying out.熊貓面臨絕種的危險。dry up:擦干。Let me wash up these plates and you dry them up.我來洗盤子，你來把它們擦干。export:出口。Many bicycles are exported each year.每年都有許多自行車出口到國外。transplant:移植，遷移。Many vegetables were transplanted to the north, growing in the greenhouse.許多種蔬菜移植到了北方，在溫室里生長。
5. C abrupt:突然的。Following abrupt change of the topple, we started to complain about the quality of food.話題突然一轉(zhuǎn)，我們開始抱怨飯菜的質(zhì)量。sudden與abrupt的意思近似；突然的。slow:慢。noisy:吵人的。jumpy:跳動的；神經(jīng)過敏的。She seemed very jumpy recently.她們最近情緒很不穩(wěn)定。
6. D allocate:分配，撥給。distribute:分發(fā)，分布。Distribute the pictures among the children, will you?請把圖片發(fā)給孩子們，好嗎？nationalize:國有化。The government decided to nationalize the railways and the mines.政府決定將鐵路和礦山國有貨。commandeer:征用。They were afraid that their land would be commandeered.他們害怕土地會被征用。tax:征稅。Cigarettes in this country are heavily taxed.這個國家對香煙征很高的稅。
7. A mighty:強的，強有力的。We are dealing with forces that are mightier than ourselves.我們正在應(yīng)付強于我們的勢力。strong:強壯的。long:長的。great:的，偉的。fast:快。
8. B authentic:真的，真正的。an authentic manuscript:一部真正的原稿。genuine:真的，真正的。Gloves made of genuine leather:真皮手套。elegant:優(yōu)雅的，漂亮的。intentional:故意的，有意識的。thorough:徹底的，仔細周到的。
9. D eligible:有資格的。Those who have a mountain bike are eligible to join the club.擁有山地自行車的人有資格加入俱樂部。entitle:給……權(quán)利（或資格）。be entitled to…:有權(quán)（或資格）。Everyone is entitled to receive education.人人都有受教育的權(quán)利。注意：be entitled to中的to既可能是不定式的to，也可能是介詞to.也就是說整個短語除可跟動詞原形外，也可以跟名詞短語。如：Every child in Britain is entitled to free education.英國的每個孩子都有權(quán)享受免費教育。encouraged:此處是encourage（鼓勵）的過去分詞形式。The children are encouraged to go in for more sports.孩子們受到參加更多體育運動的鼓勵。expected:此處是expect（期望）的過去分詞形式。We are expected to finish the job before six.他們期望我們6點鐘之前做完這項工作。
10. A asserted:宣稱，斷言。與stated firmly（堅定地說）意思相近。argued light-mindedly:輕率地爭辯。thought seriously:嚴肅地認為。announced regrettably:令人遺憾地宣布。美洲（America）包括北美洲，中美洲和南美洲。
11. D permit:允許。allow:允許。They shouldn't allow parking in the street; it's too narrow.他們不該允許在街道上停車，街道太窄了。probable:很可能。It is probable that it will rain tomorrow.明天很可能下雨。possible:可能的。Is such a thing possible?這樣的事有可能發(fā)生嗎？admit:承認。I'm willing to admit that I do make mistakes.我愿意承認我確實會犯錯。
12. C propose:建議；提議。suggest:建議。She suggested that he should adapt himself to his new conditions.她建議他適應(yīng)新的情況。state:陳述，宣布。You'll have to state what exactly these terms mean.你須說明這些術(shù)語的確切意思是什么。declare:宣布。She declared that she didn't want to see him again.她宣布不想再見到他。announce:宣布。They announced that she would give an extra song.他們宣布她會再唱一支歌。
13. A regret: feel regret about sth.對……感到懊悔。sorry:后悔的。The manager had said that he was sorry and there was nothing he could do about it.經(jīng)理說過他很遺憾，對此他沒有什么辦法。I'm sorry to be late.對不起，我來晚了。disappointed:失望的。They were very disappointed at the outcome of the talks.他們對會議的結(jié)果深感失望。shameful:可恥的，不光彩的。To steal money from a blind person is a shameful act.偷盲人的錢是可恥的行為。disheartened:泄氣。She is easily disheartened by difficulties.面對困難，她很容易泄氣。
14. B rely on:依靠。depend on:依靠，依賴。The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.小鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)濟主要依靠旅游業(yè)。live on:靠……生活。They live on vegetarian food.他們以素食為生。live off:靠……生活。She still lives off her parents.她仍靠父母養(yǎng)活。believe in:對……有信心。If you believe in yourself you can succeed.如果你相信自己，你就會取得成功。
15. C remove:脫掉；去掉。take off:脫掉，拿下。She took off her spectacles.她摘下了眼鏡。take away:拿去，剝奪。They are going to take my citizenship away.他們將剝奪我的公民資格。leave aside:擱置。Let's leave aside the matter for a moment.讓我們暫且把此事擱一擱。wash off:把……洗掉。Wash these dirty marks off the wall.把墻上的這些污點洗掉。
